Cross cultural communication Essay

There are six directors in culturally diverse correspondence. The main chief expresses that the more noteworthy the social contrast the more prominent the possibility is for the correspondence ti separate. The subsequent chief says that when correspondence breakdowns happen during diverse experiences, the breakdowns are frequently ascribed to social contrasts. The third chief expresses that imparting across societies frequently drives individuals to be increasingly cognizant about their own correspondence. The fourth one expresses that societies change as for the number and sort of â€Å"do’s and taboos† that are expected of its individuals. The fifth one expresses that an individual ought to recall that realizing what is typical in the way of life the are speaking with causes you comprehend that gathering. The last chief expresses that as long as you consider others to be agreeable and helpful hindrances will handily be separated (Cheesebro, O’Connor, and Rios, Chapter 3, Cultural Diversity, 2010). I decided to expound on Hispanics. There medicinal services experience is like African American, which is my race. First there is the language obstruction. They communicate in another dialect and it can some of the time be difficult to clarify things when there isn't an interpreter present. Things become mixed up in interpretation. Another issue is that they don’t have medicinal services. They don’t have protection so they don’t go to a specialist and thus they have unforeseen weakness (Bzostek, Goldman, and Pebley, 2007). With regards to correspondences, there are numerous obstructions. Suppliers convey distinctively with regards to Hispanics. Studies have indicated that when suppliers manage the Spanish talking patients they ask less open finished inquiry and tests for persistent comprehension on account of the language hindrance (Mayo, Windsor, Sundarwaran and Crew 2007). A seconds study expresses that when suppliers depended on translators for speaking with their patients, however absence of accessibility of the mediators and patient holding up were accounted for as obstructions in utilizing translators viably (Mayo, Windsor, Sundarwaran and Crew 2007). This obstruction drove suppliers to go to English talking family n individuals and bilingual staff who made the correspondence dull (Mayo, Windsor, Sundarwaran and Crew 2007). As I would see it these are only a portion of the obstructions that remain in the middle of Hispanics and non-Hispanic suppliers. To me language is the most well-known one. At the point when individuals have this barriere they are more averse to need to convey in light of the fact that they don’t thing the other party will comprehend the message they are attempting to send. So in the event that they do impart there will be an absence of eagerness and the message won't run over accurately. References Cheesebro, T., O’Connor, L., and Rios, F. (2010). Conveying in the Workplace. Recovered from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection. Bzostek, S., Goldman, N., and Pebley, A. (2007, September). For what reason do Hispanics in the USA report unforeseen weakness?. Sociology and Medicine, 65(5), 990 †1003.

Dangerousness and Dangerous Offenders

Peril and Dangerous Offenders Hazardousness and Dangerous Offenders. Break down the idea of hazardousness and fundamentally assess its helpfulness for the criminal equity framework. Peril, is the idea of criminology that is utilized to characteristic those guilty parties who are esteemed to represent a noteworthy hazard to the overall population yet whose activities can't be made owing to a particular mental illness.â This in this way implies the organization of their criminal discipline is, by law, to be managed by the corrective framework instead of the clinical profession.â This paper investigations this idea of risk, which will dominatingly think about the troubles of making a sufficient legitimate definition for the utilization of the â€Å"dangerousness† idea as a device inside the cutting edge criminal equity system.â specifically, basic evaluation of a potential use for a hazardousness idea will be examined regarding challenges of categorisation of risky conduct and conceivable usefulness.â â Once an utilization for peril has been distinguished, this will be broke down concerning potential effects on the advanced Human Rights regime.â T hese discoveries will be cross referenced with crafted by the Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA) and the Multi-Agency Public Protection Panel (MAPPP) so as to decide if there truly is an utilization for a sweeping ’dangerousness’ idea in Criminal Justice. A.â â â â â Definition of the Concept of Dangerousness Investigation into the risk idea uncovers that it is a character that is ascribed to certain criminal offenders.â Floud and Young in this way portray peril as:  â â â â â â â â â â â€Å"a neurotic trait of character: an inclination to deliver hurt on others in negligence or rebellion of the standard social and lawful constraints†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The main disclosure of the idea of ‘dangerousness’ is, accordingly, that it is a thought focused on the criminal offender.â A second part of the idea is that the wrongdoer need not be experiencing any type of mental illness.â This doesn't present enormous issues for the criminal equity capacity of condemning, since psychological maladjustment is demonstrative of madness, which when affirmed in an official courtroom, has the impact of vindicating the guilty party by virtue of absence of mens rea to carry out the crime.â The crazy are along these lines managed by the clinical calling on a carefully abstract level such that the punitive framework would be sick prepared to provide.â This was clear on account of Peter Sutcliffe, the Yorkshire Ripper, who, after a timeframe in jail because of a bombed request of lessened obligation, was in the long run seen as intellectually unsound and was set into mental consideration. At last, a third angle, or maybe an issue related with the above definition is that there is little direction on the arrangement of conduct that can be esteemed as dangerous.â This will be managed below.â comparable to this, there is no help with the assurance of the limits among risky and non-hazardous offenders.â B.â â â â â Dangerousness as a helpful instrument for the criminal equity framework  â â â â â â â â â â 1.â â â â â â â â Definition of Criminal Justice So as to evaluate a potential instrument for the Criminal Justice framework, it is basic to know precisely what Criminal Justice is so as to recognize its particular necessities for potential, valuable tools.â Criminal Justice is exceptionally perplexing for the straightforward explanation that it is a framework worked by different organizations including the police, the crown arraignment administration, the criminal resistance administration, the courts, the probation administration and the jail administration to name yet a few.â Sanders and Young have anyway distinguished one key rule of all foundations that are instrumental in the Criminal Justice framework, which is to regulate:â â â â â â â â â â â  â â â â â â â â â â â€Å"potential, claimed and real crime inside procedural limits expected to shield the resident from unjust treatment and illegitimate conviction†¦Ã¢â‚¬   â â â â â â â â â â 2.â â â â â â â â Requirements for hazardousness to be a helpful instrument Hazardousness, as an apparatus inside this framework, along these lines requires to be instrumental in the guideline of claimed and real criminal activity.â Dangerousness itself would fit into the criminal equity modular as a lawful term for the attribution of specific guilty parties in any case, in doing as such, it must have a practical use past minor classification.â As a device inside a reasonable lawful framework that is represented by the Human Rights Act 1998, it is additionally essential that the meaning of risk is clear and exact with the goal that wrongdoers are given the advantage of full straightforwardness of the law. C.â â â â â A capacity past insignificant grouping? What is the capacity of dangerousness?â In 1981, Fleud and Young introduced their distribution on the conversation of hazardousness as a characterization of people to force prescient decisions:  â â â â â â â â â â â€Å"†¦for condemning purposes a man should possibly be judged ‘dangerous’ on the off chance that it very well may be anticipated that he will submit a future offense with something like the level of disposition and conviction with which we could figure to build up the way that he submitted a past offence†¦Ã¢â‚¬  While this is positively a capacity for the device of ‘dangerousness’ in the criminal equity framework, ‘dangerousness,’ as an assignment that prompts prescient judgment, is an obtrusive assault on the idea of ‘innocent until demonstrated guilty‘. This is plainly articulated by the way that every criminal demonstration are resolved in an official courtroom utilizing the standard of ‘beyond sensible doubt,’ and that the evidential weight of confirmation lies with the arraignment instead of the defendant.â This likewise significantly upheld by Article 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) which completely specifies the privilege to a free preliminary. Moreover, our present criminal equity framework utilizes activities that are equipped towards the restoration of the wrongdoer, which implies that cutting edge detainment isn't just a satisfaction of the necessity to ensure general society, but at the same time is a methods for teaching the guilty party with the end goal of advancement of re-incorporation into society.â The reason for protection confinement would propose that the wrongdoer is past trust in such recovery. Any type of detainment for reasons other than the decided sentence controlled through the channel of a reasonable preliminary must be given the most supreme and exacting scrutiny.â This is the premise whereupon the all-inclusive confinement of forty-eight hours under s 41(3) of theâ Terrorism Act 2000is based and, under severe conditions spread out in Schedule 8, this time of confinement might be extended.â The criticalness for ‘dangerousness’ is that, as an idea of criminal equity that encourages broadened imprisonment, there would require to be an unmistakable, exact and severe statement of parameters to decide the circumstances that would offer ascent to ‘dangerousness’ without which there can be no conviction in the law represented by Human Rights ideas. These discoveries hence show that precaution confinement can now never occur in accordance with Human Rights yet does this imply risk is an idea that is completely obsolete?â This in not the situation when we inspect the activity in the advanced period of the association of MAPPA, which was set up in 2001 under the authority gave by the Criminal Justice and Court Services Act 2000.â MAPPA is an administrative, administrative body that screens wrongdoers that are esteemed to be perilous to people in general. A long way from being a prevention to the Human Rights idea, MAPPA overcomes any issues between, the privilege to Liberty of the wrongdoer who has spent time in jail in jail, and oversight for the insurance of the public.â MAPPA is likewise a smart method of considering the proceeded with adherence to Article 5 (ECHR) by encouraging the checking capacity of MAPPA as advocated by the reality of a privilege to freedom and security of individual under Article 5 for the general public.â This is given need over a flat out option to Article 5 assurance for the hazardous offender.â The methodology is in this manner planned to be the proportionate measure that finds satisfactory trade off between the privileges of the overall population from one perspective, and the guilty party on the other.â This along these lines takes into consideration qualified opportunity inside a progressively specific form of the customary act of probation.â D.â â â â â Finding parameters for risky conduct As a reason from which to decide the ‘dangerousness’ in conduct, kinds of criminal conduct that fall into this classification would be all types of criminal offense that would be considered as making danger of ‘grave mischief to others’.â A conventional perspective for this idea is to incorporate such rough violations as murder, assault and every single other type of assault.â what's more, this umbrella can likewise incorporate wrongdoings where there is a less immediate focus on real damage, for example, risky driving, pyro-crime and other wilful pulverization of property.â However, the rundown can be endless!â The issue of attribution of hazardousness to explicit violations is explained under the MAPPA model by constraining the administrative plan to rough and sex offenders.â moreover, the high hazard guilty parties are alluded to the more specific MAPPP. The forces of the two associations are found under the S

Violations at the workplace Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 37

Infringement at the working environment - Case Study Example For this situation, the casual protest didn't make OSHA send a letter, however the monitor appeared regardless. The significant thing is for the reviewer to show a warrant that permits him to do any examination in the work environment. Indeed, the Supreme Court pronounced that no OSHA examinations should happen without the accessibility of a warrant or agree to enter a work environment for review (Bailey et al., 2008). Further, the individual is crotchety and notable for his disgruntlement, which is something that ought to be thought about. On the off chance that over 80% of grumblings are bogus, the assessor can't keep acting without speaking with the administration. OSHA requires a warrant right now on the grounds that the issues the displeased worker revealed could be managed at the corporate level (Lasowski, 2010). Requesting an assessment in light of a displeased worker will burden the administration, and it is significant that the OSHA auditor sits with the administration and t alks about the issues occurring. This will likewise prompt agreed examination to demonstrate that the organization has mulled over everything talked about and whined about by the worker. After the investigator leaves, I will step up and plunk down with the worker and talk about issues at the working environment. The worker must regard the standards and guidelines at the working environment, and offer unified help towards the achievement of objectives inside the association. On the off chance that over 80% of grumblings are bogus.

Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations Essay

Part 14 Aggregate Bargaining and Labor Relations Part Summary This part gives an outline of private-division work the executives relations in the United States, with brief consideration regarding open area contrasts and global work relations. After a model of work the board relations and a setting for current connections are given, different parts of the procedure of aggregate haggling are portrayed. Helpful types of work the board relations are then introduced. At long last, a clarification is given for how changes in serious difficulties are impacting work the executives connections. Learning Objectives In the wake of considering this section, the understudy ought to have the option to: 1. Depict what is implied by aggregate dealing and work relations. 2. Distinguish the work relations objectives of the executives, trade guilds, and society. 3. Clarify the lawful environment’s sway on work relations. 4. Portray the significant work the executives collaborations: sorting out, contract arrangements, and agreement organization. 5. Portray the new, less ill-disposed ways to deal with work the board relations. 6. Clarify how changes in serious difficulties (e.g., item showcase rivalry and globalization) are impacting work the executives collaborations. 7. Clarify how work relations in the open area contrast from work relations in the private division. Broadened Chapter Outline Note: Key terms show up in boldface and are recorded in the â€Å"Chapter Vocabulary† area. Opening Vignette: Labor Relations and the Bottom Line The fundamental issue in the 54-day strike by the United Auto Workers (UAW) at two General Motors parts plants was employer stability and whether GM would put resources into plants in the United States or proceed with its push to cut U.S. business and move creation abroad to decrease work costs. The strike deferred all of GM’s plant tasks, which caused yearly income and piece of the pie. GM intends to turn off another unit, which would dispose of 200,000 of UAW laborers from the finance. Passage is contemplating doing likewise yet has delayed the move due to UAW resistance. I. Introductionâ€Labor-the board relations are intricate, and many are on the move as serious difficulties power a realignment of the executives and laborer interests. The requirement for some U.S. organizations to decrease and progressively effective converts into activities (work misfortune) that are experiencing some miscommunication with the interests of patrons. II. The Labor Relations Framework (content Figure 14.1 and TM 14.1) A. John Dunlop proposed a work relations frameworks that comprises of four components: 1. An ecological setting (innovation, showcase powers, and so forth.). 2. Members: representatives and their associations, the executives, and the legislature. 3. A trap of (rules of the game) that depict the procedure by which work and the executives collaborate. 4. Philosophy (acknowledgment of the framework and members). B. Katz and Kochan have introduced a model that centers around the dynamic procedure and results. 1. At the vital level, the board settles on essential decisions, for example, regardless of whether to work with its association or create nonunion activities. 2. These work and the executives decisions made at the key level influence communication at the subsequent level, the practical level, where contract dealings happen. 3. These vital choices likewise influence the work environment level, the field wherein the agreement is managed. III. Objectives and Strategies A. Societyâ€Labor unions’ significant advantage to society since the beginning has been the adjusting of intensity and the standardization of modern clash at all expensive way. The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA, 1935) tried to give a legitimate system helpful for aggregate bartering. B. The executives must conclude whether to empower or debilitate the unionization of its workers. In view of issues of pay cost, adaptability, and work strength, just as belief system, the board must choose. On the off chance that administration has an association, it has the alternative of supporting a decertification vote, a political decision wherein workers get an opportunity to remove the association. C. Worker's guilds try to give laborers formal portrayal in setting the terms and states of business. (See content Table 14.1 for classifications of arrangements in aggregate bartering understandings). IV. Association Structure, Administration, and Membership A. National and universal associations are made out of numerous nearby associations, and most are partnered with the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) (see Table 14.2 in the content for a rundown). In 1995, three significant associations, the UAW, the United Steelworkers, and the International Association of Machinists, declared designs to converge continuously 2000. | |A related perusing from Dushkin’s | |Annual Editions: Human Resources 99/00: | |(â€Å"HR Comes of Age† by Michael Losey | 1. Art associations are those that sort out individuals from a specific expertise or exchange, for example, circuit testers or handymen. Specialty associations are probably going to be liable for preparing programs called apprenticeships. 2. Mechanical associations are comprised of individuals who work in any number of positions in a given industry, for example, the auto or steel industry. Though create associations may wish to control the quantity of individuals, mechanical associations wish to expand the quantity of individuals. B. Nearby associations are every now and again liable for the arrangements of an agreement just as the everyday organization of the agreement, including the complaint methodology. Regularly, a modern nearby relates to a solitary assembling office. C. The AFL-CIO is an alliance of national associations. It speaks to labor’s interests in the political procedure and offers various types of assistance to its individuals, as far as research and instruction (content Figure 14.2). | |A related perusing from Dushkin’s | |Annual Editions: Human Resources 99/00: | |(â€Å"Labor Deals a New Hand† by Marc Cooper | D. Association security relies on its capacity to guarantee a soundness of individuals and contribution. Associations regularly arrange an agreement proviso that characterizes the relationship it needs to representatives and that accommodates a continuous progression of duty. 1. A checkoff arrangement is a programmed conclusion of organization fees from an employee’s check. 2. A shut shop is an association security arrangement under which an individual must be a patron. 3. An association shop requires an individual to join the association inside a specific period of time in the wake of starting business. 4. An office shop is like an association shop, yet doesn't require organization enrollment, just that an office charge be paid. 5. Upkeep of participation requires just that the individuals who join the association remain individuals through the term of the present agreement. 6. Option to-work lawsâ€As an element of the Taft-Hartley correction to the NLRA, states may choose to make obligatory organization enrollment (or even duty paying) unlawful. E. Organization enrollment and Bargaining Powerâ€Employers are progressively opposing unionization. Associations are making new endeavors to compose new participations and to offer new types of assistance. Organization enrollment has reliably declined since 1950 and now remains at approximately 10 percent of private-area work (content Figure 14.3 and TM 14.2). Explanations behind this decay are noted beneath: 1. Basic Changes in the Economyâ€These changes remember decrease for center assembling and increment in the administration division. Be that as it may, these changes, as indicated by contemplates, just record for 25 percent of the general organization enrollment decrease. 2. Expanded Employer Resistanceâ€Almost 50 percent of enormous businesses in a study revealed that their most significant work objective was to stay association free. Unions’ capacity to sort out entire enterprises has declined, and in this way compensation are once in a while removed from rivalry. Also, considers have indicated that if an association wins a political race, it is every now and again the case that administrators lose their positions (see Figure 14.4 for the expansion in unjustifiable work rehearses recorded). | |Competing by Meeting Stakeholders’ Needs: | |Is Strong Labor Relations Good for Business? | |Milwaukee-based Johnson Controls isn't hoping to develop a unionized work power. That is the reason it suffers strikes at its seat| |making industrial facilities by UAW laborers who were attempting to arrange their first aggregate haggling contract with the organization. Portage | |has taken an alternate view since it has started a solid duty with the UAW to be an upper hand. Passage acknowledges | |that it isn't to the greatest advantage of its representatives to acknowledge situates by supplanting laborers on the grounds that their relationship with the| |union and regard for the group are excessively imperative to them. At long last, Johnson Controls conceded to an agreement with the UAW at its | |two plants with assistance from Ford. | 3. Replacement with HRMâ€In enormous nonunion organizations, HRM strategies and practices may empower positive worker relations, and in this way association portrayal isn't wanted by representatives. | |Competing through Globalization: | |UAW Concedes Defeat at Transplantsâ€for Now | |UAW is occupying its consideration from the Japanese-possessed get together plants to the German-claimed plants in light of the fact that the Japanese are | |turning their backs on the UAW. Transplant tasks are difficult to actualize, yet they are proceeding to develop in this nation | |and business keeps on contracting. Likewise, the UAW participation is starting to recoil since it relies upon the automobile business for| |its presence. Transplant tasks typically offer compensation and benefits and the social and worlds of politics don’t support | |unions. BMW and Mercedes-Benz are eager to work with the U.S. automobile association since it is simpler to compose during monetary | |times and they might have the option to impact issues with Germany. BMW pays laborers hourly with rewards just as utilizing a | |self-coordinated work group idea. These compensation and advantages are alluring t o the work

Musical Instrument Essay Example For Students

Instrument Essay Why you should play an Instrument General Purpose: To advise my crowd why they should play an instrument and convince them. Presentation: l. Enticement: We face a daily reality such that scarcely knows anything about rest or relaxation. We are so involved by our every day schedule and Juggling between various obligations that we once in a while possess energy for ourselves. It is essential to have something in your life that you love to do and that loosens up you. II. Believability: For me that is playing the guitar. Vive been playing the guitar for a people of years at this point and it encourages me experience terrible days. Learning the guitar for me was very testing as my solitary wellspring of learning were Youth recordings. Sick. See Statement: Playing music isn't just fun, yet there are a ton of different advantages of it also. There are three significant reasons why you should play an instrument Brain Development Stress Reliever Helps Socialize Body l. Mental health: Working out is incredible for your body. You remain fit as a fiddle and remain sound. When youre playing an instrument its like an exercise for the cerebrum. Studies by synapses show that when an individual is playing an instruments there re firecrackers going everywhere throughout the mind. L. Exercise: Playing an instrument essentially connects each region of the cerebrum on the double including the visual, sound-related and engine cortices. Through the span of time playing music help fortify these cerebrum capacities permitting us to apply that quality somewhere else. II. Critical thinking: Playing music requires fine engine aptitudes which are controlled in the two sides of the equator of the mind. It likewise requires numerical accuracy in which the left side of the equator is progressively included while the imaginative substance is exceeded expectations by the correct half of the globe. Consequently laying music has been found to build the volume and movement in the minds corpus insensitive. This may permit performers to take care of issues successfully and innovatively Ill. Memory: Research has demonstrated that playing an instrument can invigorate your cerebrum and can expand your memory. New research proposes that standard playing an instrument changes the shape and intensity of the cerebrum and might be utilized in treatment to improve intellectual aptitudes. II. Stress reliever: The more you center around something positive, the less you will concentrate on your issues. Through playing an instrument you assist yourself with taking a lunchroom your restless, discouraged, worried psyche. L. As indicated by the American Music Musical Instrument By hazarding that utilizes music to address physical, enthusiastic, psychological, and social needs of people everything being equal. II. Music impacts mind waves as well as impacts breathing and pulse. Music can empower a sound and positive perspective and can likewise bring down circulatory strain and lift insusceptible framework which assists discharge with muscling pressure. Sick. Social: Playing an instruments can have a positive social effect on an individual l. Youngsters who become some portion of a melodic gathering or outfit learn basic fundamental abilities, for example, how to identify with others, how to fill in as a group and welcome the prizes that originate from cooperating, and the advancement of initiative aptitudes and order. II. Playing an instrument can open you to entirely different group of friends of companions that you share something for all intents and purpose with. This is typically basic among groups. End: Playing an Instrument can have numerous advantages. Ideally this will help rouse you to begin learning an instrument. I can ensure that learning and playing an instrument is a wonderful encounter.

An Open Letter to all Graduates of Foreign Medical Schools and Others Interested in PA Programs in the United States

After reading a number of questions about acceptance into PA programs a prevailing theme has emerged. Many international physicians stated that their interest in becoming PAs stems from dissatisfaction with the hours or volume of patients they are seeing in their own practices in their native countries. So, what is my advice? That you make an honest, soul-searching assessment of what it is you are seeking. PAs are Not an MD Surrogate If you have a prevailing feeling that your MD is a superior credential and that you will be functioning as an "MD Surrogate" in the US, then perhaps you don't fully understand the concept of a PA/supervising MD team. Every good PA knows very well our limits in the scope of practice which have served us and our physician mentors very well for over 40 years. We aren't, and never will be physicians! Nor will you, if you practice as a PA within your scope of practice. PAs Don't AlwaysHave Regular, Predictable Hours? You may also want to investigate why you believe that coming to the United States to become a PA will ensure that your hours will be regular, predictable and better than what you have now. Your hours will depend completely on the medical practice or hospital which hires you. Expecting that as a PA you will have it easier than you have it as an MD may be a false assumption. Many PAs work very long, grueling hours in emergency rooms, critical care, hospitals, public health facilities, family health care, community clinics and countless other fields in addition to volunteer work on their own time. The person who inquired about coming to a US PA program because PAs in Canada are still new and not well respected might do well to step back for perspective. R.E.S PA-C T PAs in the US are the single most serially tested group of medical providers in the world. We are currently changing a decades-old requirement for national board certification exams every six years to maintain our treasured "C" on our credential, indicating board certification. But if you look closely at the environment which mandated our test schedule it reveals that we have been regularly asked to "prove" our knowledge, skills, and trustworthiness for those same decades. Each of us went through some version of facing the "newness" question about what is a PA and scrutiny and occasional rejection by physicians, nurses, and patients. And most of us will tell you the struggle to prove ourselves is hard. And at one time it may have been necessary. But now, for most situations, when you join a medical practice, your patients already know what a PA is and how we function with their physicians. In Canada, your PA profession, though in comparative infancy to the US, needs great people to choose it, build its competence and support its growth rather than abandon it and go to already proven territory. If you believe in rigorous academic and clinical training then wouldn't you want to be in the vanguard in Canada demanding that rigor? The Good With the Challenging I treasure my life and work as a PA in California and Florida. Anyone fortunate enough to come here as an immigrant looking for anopportunity to serve in the medical corps is warmly welcomed and will be honored by our ranks. But when you choose this path to PA make sure you are seeing the good with the challengingand accepting that part of being in medical care. Every place in the world demands a near-total commitment of time and the humility to be comfortable caring for impoverished people, people of every cultural and ethnic background, just as you are doing wherever you currently live. Your challenges are the same as ours in that regard. The United States PA programs are unparalleled in preparing a workforce to address the overwhelming problem of inadequate access to health care. But we may not be a panacea for overworked, over-scheduled and feeling unappreciated, at times. Sincerely, and with good wishes for your success, - Martie Lynch BS, PA-C Did You KnowCurrently, 165 PA programs accept international students for a complete listing of these PA programs click here. The Long Road to Practice Today's post comes to us via the comments section and was written by physician assistant Margie Lynch, PA-C. I receive many comments and emails from internationally trained doctors looking for career options here in the United States. In fact, as an undergraduate, while working in the campus health clinic, I had the privilege of being trained by a foreign medical doctor from India who had transitioned to a laboratory tech in the United States. The truth is, in many instances, a foreign medical degree is non-transferable and the barriers to practice prevent many highly skilled, well-intentioned international providers from coming to the United States. And like the MD I worked with, their skills and training may go to waste. This is a shame sad there are many clinics and hospitals in the US that would benefit from culturally competent bilingual practitioners. And like the MD I worked with, their skills and training may go to waste. This is a shame sad there are many clinics and hospitals in the US that would benefit from culturally competent bilingual practitioners. This is a shame as there are many clinics and hospitals in the US that would benefit from culturally competent, highly skilled, bilingual practitioners. International Barriers to Practice in the United States According to this NY Times Article, the United States already faces a shortage of physicians in many parts of the country, especially in specialties where foreign-trained physicians are most likely to practice, like primary care. And that shortage has gotten exponentially worse since the passage of the affordable healthcare act in 2014. For years the United States has been training too few doctors to meet its own needs, in part because of industry-set limits on the number of medical school slots available. Today about one in four physicians practicing in the United States were trained abroad, a figure that includes a substantial number of American citizens who could not get into medical school at home and studied in places like the Caribbean. But immigrant doctors, no matter how experienced and well trained, must run a long, costly and confusing gantlet before they can actually practice here. The process usually starts with an application to a private nonprofit organization that verifies medical school transcripts and diplomas. Among other requirements, foreign doctors must prove they speak English; pass three separate steps of the United States Medical Licensing Examination; get American recommendation letters, usually obtained after volunteering or working in a hospital, clinic or research organization; and be permanent residents or receive a work visa (which often requires them to return to their home country after their training). The biggest challenge is that an immigrant physician must win one of the coveted slots in Americas medical residency system, the step that seems to be the tightest bottleneck. That residency, which typically involves grueling 80-hour workweeks, is required even if a doctor previously did a residency in a country with an advanced medical system, like Britain or Japan. The only exception is for doctors who did their residencies in Canada. The whole process can consume upward of a decade for those lucky few who make it through. Fighting Brain Drain The counterargument for making it easier for foreign physicians to practice in the United States aside from concerns about quality controls is that doing so will draw more physicians from poor countries. These places often have paid for their doctors medical training with public funds, on the assumption that those doctors will stay. According to one study, about one in 10 doctors trained in India have left that country, and the figure is close to one in three for Ghana. (Many of those moved to Europe or other developed nations other than the United States.) No one knows exactly how many immigrant doctors are in the United States and not practicing, but some other data points provide a clue. Each year the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates, a private nonprofit, clears about 8,000 immigrant doctors (not including the American citizens who go to medical school abroad) to apply for the national residency match system. Normally about 3,000 of them successfully match to a residency slot, mostly filling less desired residencies in community hospitals, unpopular locations and in less lucrative specialties like primary care. In the United States, some foreign doctors work as waiters or taxi drivers while they try to work through the licensing process. The InternationalPath to PA Is PA a reasonable alternative to foreign-trained medical providers whose skills we desperately need here in the United States? And just how many PA schools are eagerly opening their doors to these practitioners? This, my friends, is a topic for another blog post. Feel free to share your thoughts in the comments section down below. Warmly, -Stephen Pasquini PA-C Resources Are you or someone you know a foreign trained doctor or a medical provider looking to practice as a PA in the US? Here are some useful resources: Here is a wonderful resource on the topic from the ARC-PA (they accredit US PA programs and determine who may sit for the PANCE exam) Physician Assistant Forum -Foreign medical graduate Dose of PA -From International Student to Physician Assistant NY Times Article -Path to United States Practice Is Long Slog to Foreign Doctors Where PAs and Physician Associates Can Work Internationally You may also like -Where PAs and Physician Associates Can Work Internationally The contemporary physician assistant/associate (PA) movementbegan in North America and Africa in the mid-1960s. As of 2018, the adoption of PAs has spread globally across a variety of health systems and at least fifteen countries []A Surgeon Speaks: 7 Reasons Why You Should Choose PA Over MD I am a fellowship-trained surgeon. Besides the financial aspect, the following 7 points will make your decision of PA vs. MD easy: 1. It takes on an average at least 15 years (after high school) of head in the sand (books) to []The Perfect PA Program Picker: PA School Requirements and Admissions Tool 2018-2019 PA School Admissions and Requirements Table Search and sort through all 256 accredited and developing PA school programs by healthcare experience, resident and non-resident PA school tuition, PA program duration, GRE []

The Essentials of Medical Argumentative Essay Topics You Can Benefit From Beginning Right Away

The Essentials of Medical Argumentative Essay Topics You Can Benefit From Beginning Right Away In most instances, essays normally have three sections including an introduction, the most important body, and a conclusion. The introduction should offer general information which will be included in the write-up. An argumentative essay example will reveal the should possess some crucial components which make it better in the practice of convincing. You have to make sure you remain on that 1 side during your whole essay. So as to compose an impressive essay, you should decide on a very good topic. Argumentative writings is a particular kind of a paper. In order to supply an in-depth understanding about the argumentative essay, it's better to take a look at some of the greatest examples of argumentative essay. The essay should have a little bit of structure, unlike a normal essay. Your essay should consist of recent statistics and data from reliable sources. Writing an argumentative essay can at times be confusing since you don't necessarily understand how to compose a convincing argument. Writing a persuasive, argumentative essay can be challenging, and at times it can find a little confusing. You don't need to find super technical with legal argumentative essays, but don't forget to do your homework on what the present laws about your preferred topic actually say. If you are only searching for interesting medical essay topic ideas, have a look at the list below. If you feel you'll hardly succeed making your own topic, consider trying to find good ideas on the internet, at resources that provide useful guidelines on effective essay writing strategies. The most effective argumentative essay topics are the simplest ones. Care ought to be taken that the data utilised in the essay is related to the topic. Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. At times you might require some expert help with argumentative essay topics. Complex subjects may get rather harmful. Religious fundamentalism is an increasing threat to our society. With excellent arguments, it is going to be simple to create your perspective. Evaluating the topic can help to comprehend what the question requires and assists in offering the suitable answer. If you're assigned to write an argumentative essay, you will need to be prepared to defend a particular point of view. Of course, when you were given a very clear job to write on a certain topic you won't need to wreck your brains seeking something exciting and crucial to dwell on. It is possible to also restate the ideas that you've discussed in the body paragraphs in order to make your point valid. On the flip side, if you choose a controversial topic you have very little interest in, you'll find it quite tricky to finish the assignment. The Ultimate Strategy for Medical Argumentative Essay Topics It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics since you need opposing points that you may counter to your own points. If it comes to any class in the health care field, studying and essay writing can have a lengthy time. Our crew of professional writers with the crucial experience and writing skills is always prepared to fulfill your demands and exceed your expectat ions. It's thus crucial for students to go through medical school essays examples to obtain a concept of what it is that they are anticipated to do. Medical Argumentative Essay Topics: the Ultimate Convenience! To help you recognize which issues to discuss, we've listed the very best health care essay topics below. Topics related to health provide a great range of choice. The expense of healthcare is just one of the most crucial troubles. The price of running the health care is quite costly. The End of Medical Argumentative Essay Topics The net has made our life a good deal simpler. The music business is mafia-like controlled and thus the CD prices are high. If you can't locate a controversial topic on the list that suits your passion, there are a great deal of different resources out there. The path of completely free choice is pretty slippery, so be cautious on your way. There's, clearly, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a press ing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Hence, it's not surprising why healthcare has a great effect on an individual's life. Attempt to know why such devices may be dangerous and begin to compose an essay on cellphone addiction. Everyone understands that excellent medical experts are valued extremely high in the usa.

Essay about Mittell’s Television Genre Theory and Louie

Originally published in Cinema Journal 40, No. 3, Spring 2001, Jason Mittell’s â€Å"A Cultural Approach to Television Genre Theory† conceives of television genre as a cultural category rather than merely a textual component. In the decade since the original publishing of the article, television has evolved out of the multi-channel era and into the post-network era. In this new television landscape, genres are no longer a fixed entity1, and there is great academic potential in the in the study of television genres. The text, Thinking Outside the Box: A Contemporary Television Genre Reader, aims to explore and analyze genre in the current television landscape, and the Mittell article, republished in the book, serves as an entry point to such†¦show more content†¦Finally, this concept of genre will be applied to the development of the central questions in my final project. LOUIE: A GENERIC DISCOURSE Mittell suggests that genre studies should negotiate between specificity and generality, and offers the following as an approach: â€Å"The second way would be to start with a specific media case study and analyze how genre processes operate within this specific instance. Such projects might isolate a variety of starting points—an industrial formation, audience practices, a textual instance, a policy decision, or a moment in social history. We may start with a textual case to motivate our study, but we must still examine how genres transcend textual boundaries and operate within audience and industry practices as well.3† Also, according to the article, â€Å"we should focus on the breadth of discursive enunciations around any given instance, mapping out as many articulations of genre as possible and situating them within larger cultural contexts and relations of power.4† So, any generic discourse must begin with a full understanding of the context of a particula r text—in this case, Louie. Louis C.K. is one of the most influential and respected stand-up comedians working today. He has written for The Late Show with David Letterman, Late Night with

The Fantastic Author Of The World s Most Wonderful Children

Biographical Summary The fantastic author of the world’s most wonderful children’s stories is Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, or better known by his pen name, Lewis Carroll (Heath). Coming from a clerical family in Cheshire, England, Dodgson grew up to be a fairly interesting mathematician, deacon, and writer (Heath). Ultimately prospering in the art and absurdity of children’s literature, which is what Carroll is best known for today. Who would later become the famous â€Å"Lewis Carroll†, was Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. He was born January twenty seventh, 1832, as the third of eleven total children to Frances and Reverend Charles Dodgson, whom he was named after (Tyle). Growing up, Charles Dodgson was raised by gentle mother and a father who†¦show more content†¦Some psychoanalysts argue that these supposed friendships were pedophelic while other agrue that they were harmless, but still fascinating, and make his literary words even more enticing (Heath). Regardless, Dodgson often spent afternoons with the daughters, creating fanciful stories on a whim. The youngest of which was Alice, who one day prompted Dodgson to create an improvised story that would one day become what generations know as Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (Tyle). It was first put into print when young, Alice begged Carroll to write the story down so she could later reread the wonderful tale (Tyle). Once he had decided he w ould publish the story, illustrations were added by John Tenniel and Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland was published in 1865 (Tyle). Due to its profound success, Carroll penned the less popular sequel known as Through The Looking Glass and What Alice Found There, published in 1872 (Tyle). Following this publication, Carroll received much praise for how he depicted logic throughout the story (Tyle). Being an extremely math-oriented person, Carroll included some of his own mathematical findings involving logic, syllogism, and construction of puzzles into almost everything he ever wrote (Ables). In fact, in terms of quantity, most of what Carroll wrote was mathematical rather than fiction, but it is his

Movie Review Million Dollar Baby - 1123 Words

In 2004, Clint Eastwood released his dramatic sports film that was nominated for 7 Oscars and won 4 including best picture. Million Dollar Baby is about a woman who must overcome many obstacles to achieve her goals, despite when everyone is telling her that she can’t. Million Dollar Baby tells the inspirational story of Maggie Fitzgerald, a hard working, dedicated, and inspired rookie boxer who will do whatever it takes to be the best. Maggie wants to be a boxer even though she is in her 30’s, which is an unusual age for beginner boxers. The theme is of Million Dollar Baby is that life is unfair but you have to keep working hard anyways to achieve your goals. Million Dollar Baby is my favorite film because it has a complex but understandable plot and has complex characters. It is important to have a complex plot because a simple conflict can often become a bore in a drama film. If the conflict is complex then the audience will be constantly engaged in the film. There are many conflicts in Million Dollar Baby, one of which is that Maggie is trying to be the greatest boxer she can be, even all the odds are against her. Not only does Maggie have a conflict, but the supporting characters do as well. Frankie, Maggie’s trainer, needs security and a father daughter relationship to make up for how he failed to be a good father for his first daughter. Scrap, the gym’s janitor, needs to keep the gym running and protect a rookie boxer, Danger, from being bullied by other members ofShow MoreRelatedMillion Dollar Baby Movie Review Essay798 Words   |  4 PagesMillion Dollar Baby Throughout this course we have discussed about making good and bad decisions in life. In grade 12 curriculum we have watched a movie called A Million Dollar baby cast by Clint Eastwood as an Frankie Dunn (coach), Hilary Swank as an Maggie Fitzgerald (female boxer) and Morgan Freeman Eddie Scrap Iron(gym keeper). In this movie Eastwood has shown in his movie a story about a struggling life of boxers and coach. In this movie an actor and director is playing a roleRead MoreGender Roles1267 Words   |  6 PagesThe Million Dollar Protection Plan Women: soft, emotional, loving, motherly, and a supporter. Men: aggressive, hard-working, fatherly, leader, strong, and inexpressive. These two genders are very different and are in fact opposites. When women try to break the stereotype, it does not typically go well. There is a borderline within gender that should not be crossed. In a 2004 film entitled â€Å"Million Dollar Baby† directed by Clint Eastwood he is trying to define the rules of gender. EastwoodRead More Million Dollar Baby Essay851 Words   |  4 PagesMillion Dollar Baby Million Dollar Baby, Clint Eastwood’s latest movie as a director has been getting more and more positive reviews recently and it is even better than Mystic River. At first glance, the film looks like another boxing-movie clichà ©. However, Eastwood has succeeded in creating a compelling and moving story about the intricate world of human relationships, the price of success and the realization of dreams. The movie explores many different subject matters. Million Dollar BabyRead MoreBaby boom Critique1072 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Baby Boom Critique â€Å"Baby Boom†, is a heartfelt and comical movie in one. J.C. Wiatt played by (Diane Keaton), is a woman of a fast paced lifestyle dedicated to her profession working 75-80 hours a week. J.C has no time to spare for her personal or romantic life, or relaxation time for that matter with her schedule. (The film shows J. C. and her live-in mate, played by Harold Ramis, grudgingly allocating four minutes for sex one evening before going right back to their readingRead MoreThe Wizard of Oz Film1371 Words   |  5 Pagescame out in 1939, 39 years after the novel it was based off of, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. The children’s novel was written by L. Frank Baum and became such a great success, he wrote thirteen more Oz books. It also sparked a Broadway musical. The movie is seen as a timeless classic. It had a duration of fourteen different writers and five different directors.The Wizard of Oz is a musical fantasy film about a girl named Dorothy who lives in dull, colorless Kansas. She lives with her aunt, uncle, andRead MoreMovie Review : Frozen Is The Hottest New Princess Movie Of 2013935 Words   |  4 PagesMovie Review: Frozen Frozen is the hottest new princess movie of 2013. The film is a 3d Disney animation. Frozen came out on November 27, 2013. It raked in millions for the box office in U.S dollars. Like any Disney movie, the parents die in the beginning. They leave behind two daughters. One of who takes reign as the new queen. Soon the kingdom sees her for who she is. Her magical powers leave her sister desperate to save their sisterly bond. Frozen is one magical movie you do not want to miss.Read MoreEssay on Gen X1156 Words   |  5 Pagesor essence of an era. But the term Generation X carries all the negativity of propaganda and stereotype. The term Generation X has become a derisive media batchphrase, a snide put-down for those 80 million people who, like me, were born between 1961 and 1981. They are the children of the baby boomers and the 13th generation since the pilgrims landed in Plymouth. This group is, were told irresponsible, materialistic, abnormal and apathetic. So how did the term Generation X originate, what areRead MoreTupac Shakur - Turning Struggles Into Success1646 Words   |  7 PagesTupac Shakur – Turning Struggles into Success Violent lyrics, a bad-boy image, and a long criminal record are what attracted and connected millions of young adults to the now legendary rapper Tupac Shakur. Tupac was a man of contradictions; for example, his music degraded and also praised strong women. Tupac Shakur rapped about problems that inner-city black Americans could relate to, along with his legal and personal drama; you could not get away from Tupac in the 1990’s. From the womb to theRead MoreCase Study : A Lonely Twenty Six Year Old Stood On A Bridge1611 Words   |  7 Pagesthe boredom that threatened to suffocate him. In 1953, Hugh Hefner and his associates founded Playboy in Chicago, and it was also funded in part by a $1000 dollar loan from Hefner ´s mother as well (The Times, 2010). The magazine grew spectacularly into a multimillion-dollar enterprise with five million readers by the late 1960s and seven million by the early 1970s. Playboy became a huge empire and expanded to include clubs, resorts, music, films, television shows and wide selection of merchandiseRead More Shirley Temple2014 Words   |  9 Pageswhose names were: Jack Temple and George Jr. Temple (Shirley Temple). While expecting their first daughter Gertrude played the phonograph and attended dance recitals (Shirley Temple). Finally on April 23, 1929 a beautiful baby girl was born (Shirley Temple). Shirley was a baby who would bring smiles to everyone’s face during the great depression (Hall). They named her Shirley Jane Temple. Shirley was born at 9:00 p.m. She once said Too late for dinner, and so i started life one meal behind

The Race And Ethnicity Of The District Population - 826 Words

Chapter One Introduction The total students in the district population, for the 2012-2013 school year, is totaled at 2,329. Of these students, 74% come from low-income families, 4% are English Learners, 16% are labeled with disabilities, and 1% are homeless. The race and ethnicity of the district population is as follows: 1% are Asian, 46% are African-American, 25% are Hispanic, 23% are white, and 5% are two or more races. There are 822 female students and 876 male students enrolled in school throughout the district. Student attendance is at 95%, the average class size is 24 students per teacher, and the total school days are 175. The mobility rate for the district is 10.5%. The faculty for the district consists of 146 teachers. The female population is 88% and the male population is at 12%. The majority, 88%, are white. 3% of our teachers are African-American, 5% are Hispanic, 1% are Asian, 2% are multi-racial, and 1% are American Indian. Teachers in this district have been teaching an average of 1 2 years. Teachers with bachelor’s degrees are at 45% with the remaining 55% with a master’s degree or higher. In our school, we have 471 students. There are 274 boys and 257 girls. This number is a little higher due to students in the Exceptional Children Have Opportunities (ECHO) program and those shuttled to other schools for special services. Of the current 471 that attend our school every day, 78% are low income, 6% are English Learners, 18% are labeledShow MoreRelatedThe Cabot School District Strives to Meet the Educational Needs of Every Student1344 Words   |  6 PagesStrategic Diversity Plan Outline Mission and Overview The Cabot School district is committed to educating all students to be responsible citizens who value learning, treat others with dignity and respect, and successfully adapt to the demands of a rapidly changing society. The Cabot School District strives to meet the needs of â€Å"Every Child, Every Classroom, and Every Day†. The Cabot School District is committed to meeting the needs of all students not only academically but also socially andRead MoreMulticultural Education : A Truly Multicultural Mosaic1259 Words   |  6 Pagesgrown into a new term(s) like the â€Å"salad bowl† and â€Å"mosaic†. These two terms can best be defined as mixtures of ingredients that each keeps their own individual characteristics (i.e. a salad bowl and a mosaic). Joyce Millet says it best, â€Å"Immigrant populations within the United States are not being blended together in one â€Å"pot†, but rather they are transforming American Society into a truly multicultural mosaic (Millet 2010.) Americans come from all over the world. If you were to type American CultureRead MoreAnalysis Of Marka, Sample And Prose Presentation1128 Words   |  5 Pagesapproval to require every public school and school district in the country to respond to both the 2013-14 CRDC† (U.S. Department of Education, 2016). The OCR documentation aims to get full participation from schools, and therefore missing data is negligible. The dataset includes a variety of information, including statistics on enrollment, educational programs, discipline, and teachers. Furthermore, these data are disaggregated by student race/ethnicity, sex, limited English proficiency, and disabilityRead MoreGerrymandering: United States House of Representatives and Election District Boundaries777 Words   |  4 Pagescharge of redrawing the district boundaries during that period of time, and to create â€Å"safe† seats for the party’s incumbent legislators which are seats in which the incumbent will always win re-election. Gerrymandering is the redrawing of election district boundaries to give an electoral advantage to a particular candidate or party. It has been recognized as a part of the American political landscape since 1812. The term derives from a redrawing of US Representative districts in Massachusetts beforeRead MoreAn Example Of A Ethnicity Race Report ( PDF )1229 Words   |  5 PagesEthnicity race report [PDF]. (2017). Frisco, TX: Author. Retrieved from http://www.friscoisd.org/docs/default-source/facts/ethnicity_report.pdf This document is the total ethnicity demographics within every individual Frisco ISD high school, middle school, and elementary school.Through these different statistical percentages, there is a visible trend that is seen in every Frisco ISD school is a sharp increase in the amount of Asians in each school. 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According to American Association of College for Teacher Education â€Å"that students of color made up more than 45% of the PK–12 population, whereas teachers of color made up only 17.5% of the educator workforce. (Deruy). While many may argue that the lack of diversity is happening because majority of the diverse population is going towards jobs that pay more such into technologyRead MoreSavage Inequalities By Jonathan Kozol986 Words   |  4 PagesIn Savage Inequalities, Jonathan Kozol documents the troubling inequalities within American public school systems and their various districts. Thus focusing on the â€Å"savage inequalities† between highly privileged districts and poor districts within these public school systems. From the time period of 1988 to 1990, Jonathan Kozol visited various public schools in multiple neighborhoods, including East St. Louis, the Bronx, Chicago, Harlem, Jersey City, and San Antonio. Throughout the chapters, KozolRead MorePrivilege And Entitlement Of A Dominant Group925 Words   |  4 Pagesgroup† ( (Lindsey, Robins, Terrell, 2009) as identified by race, gender, language, social class and physical ability. The acknowledgement of power and entitlement is considered to be the first step in being able to bring about changes in equalizing the power struggle between the dominant and non-dominant members of an educational institution and further in society. History Chowchilla Union High School District is a two school district, consisting of a continuation high school and a general highRead MoreAn Evaluation Of The York Police Department1197 Words   |  5 Pagesan education as non-minorities, and therefore, would end up with a lower score. Adverse impact is present within the Baltimore police department since we clearly see more men than women are employed there. In the city of Baltimore, 52.9% of the population are women. Out of 2,455 lieutenants, sergeants and officers, only 383 of them are female. This means that only 24% of the officers are women and 76% of them are men. It is very possible that the test to become a lieutenant, sergeant or officer may

Egans 3 Stage Model free essay sample

The British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (2013) is the largest professional organisation for counselling and psychotherapy in the UK. It is devoted to social diversity, fairness and inclusivity of treatment without discrimination of any sort. BACP implement an ethical framework that guides the practice of counselling and psychotherapy, this ensures that practitioners do not lose sight of how they are working which then provides safety and boundaries for the client. Ethical framework for good practice in counselling and psychotherapy is put in place to notify and reassure all members of society, both actual and potential clients, who search for the help of counsellors and those alike. It is vital to form an attitude of responsible helping regardless of the perceived level of the helping activity. This ethical framework, or rules of conduct, whether you are a doctor, nurse or counsellor, all aim to ensure a secure setting in which helpers can work, provide boundaries and practice safe methods so clients can receive the best help possible. We will write a custom essay sample on Egans 3 Stage Model or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Saunders (2011, p. 23) defines ethics as â€Å"a set of moral principles or rules of conduct. † BACP’s (2013) ethical framework supports practitioners by being receptive to differences in client abilities, needs, culture and accountability. The key issues in this framework fall into three categories, values, principles and personal moral qualities. All of these ethical issues are drawn together in order to guide good practice. Consequently, without an ethical framework, practitioners may be influenced by their own values and beliefs which could lead to clients being exploited or manipulated into making decisions based on the practitioners own values. Saunders (2011) suggests there are many ways in which a practitioner could act unethically if there were no ethical guidelines, such as; being overenthusiastic in a way that cannot be maintained, personal problems may get in the way, having a vested interest in a particular outcome, helping more than you are qualified to or to exploit your client for personal gain. Some of the central values of counselling and psychotherapy consist of; ensuring the integrity of practitioner-client relationships, increasing personal effectiveness, enhancing the quality of the relationship between people and alleviating personal distress and suffering. These values signify a vital way of stating an overall ethical commitment, when these values are put into action they are known as ethical principles. Ethical principles are a reference point for practitioners and it is their responsibility to apply these principles by choosing the most appropriate one for that particular circumstance when necessary, choosing between principles may be required and practitioners are accountable for decisions made. BACP (2013) state that there are six core principles, these are; fidelity, autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice and self-respect. The respecting of a client’s confidentiality is vital in developing trust within a therapeutic relationship. Rogers (1995, p. 117) states that, â€Å"practice, theory and research make it clear that the person centred approach rests on a basic trust in human beings, and in all organisms. † However, there are limitations for confidentiality and trust, for example, if a client has informed you that he is using cocaine as a way of relaxing on the weekend this creates an ethical dilemma. In other words, an ethical dilemma is any situation in which guiding moral principles cannot determine which course of action is right or wrong. In this scenario, keeping confidentiality could be classed as breaking the law, however, as a practitioner it is you responsibility to follow the BACP (2013) ethical principles of fidelity, autonomy and beneficence. The BACP (2013) aims to assist practitioners to identify situations where confidentiality may need to be breached and identify situations where legal or other professional advice would be appropriate. Confidentiality within counselling is conditional and explicit; this must be made clear from the start, verbally and via an administrative contract. Confidentiality and boundaries will be breached if the practitioner feels the client may be a danger to themselves or others, human or drug trafficking and also at the practitioners supervision sessions. In conclusion, working in an ethical manner will unavoidably result in situations where there are challenging obligations. The ethical framework provided by BACP (2013) assists practitioners by acting as a guideline which directs attention to the diversity of ethical issues that may need to be considered. No ethical code of practice can completely ease the struggle of making professional decisions, especially when there is so much change and uncertainty in society. However, by becoming a member of the BACP, practitioners are making a commitment to working in an ethical manner, even if that means making harsh decisions.

The New Teenage Obsession free essay sample

In a world of ever advancing technology, it is no wonder that society has become dependent on this phenomenal development, one of the more prominent of which is mass media. Media, over the period of its existence, has had several roles. Originally, these roles include communication of the truth to society, share wholesome entertainment and interact with people of different cultures. However, in this day and age, has media compromised these obligations? The truth that they promise to give has become more and more unrealistic and distorted. The entertainment that is supposedly family-oriented, seems to have become, in one way or another, vulgar. Also, it seems that media has been one of the overly dominating forces in the lives of people to the point that it has created a whole new culture under its direction. This research paper will look into media’s influence on people’s way of life through the many messages that it sends out—from the deformation of principles to the alteration of reality to the misrepresentation of women. We will write a custom essay sample on The New Teenage Obsession or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It will, in particular, focus on its representation of the lifestyle of the young, rich and famous. It will provide a picture of this kind of lifestyle, a lifestyle that is being overly promoted by media. By observing the everyday life of the different young celebrities of today, it intends to juxtapose it with the customs of regular high school girls. Specifically, this paper aims to identify the effects of such messages and representations on this young audience. This paper argues that the fascination of high school girls towards the lifestyle of the young, rich and famous, as depicted by media can cause adverse effects on their personal and social development. On the other hand, this fascination can be manifested in a positive light. The many different ways in which this can be done will be stated at the end of the dissertation. With much optimism, this research work expects to be able to counter these negative effects. Loorthusamy, A. (1993, January). Communication, Media, and Social Change. Mediawatch, January, 39-42. Mann, B. (Writer). (2006). Stupid Girls [Recorded by P! nk]. On I’m Not Dead album [CD]. NY: The Magic Shop. Martin, C. (2006, May 18). Pop Singer Makes Slaving for Beauty Look Ugly. Retrieved November 16, 2006, from http://womensenews. org/article/cfm/dyn/aid/2744 McGinnis, J. (Ed. ). (1991). Helping Teens Care. NY: The Crossroad Publishing Company. Miller, P. (1994). Sex is not a four-letter-word: Talking sex with your children made easier. NY: Crossroad Publishing Company. Olson, R. (2006, November 17). UVSC speaker: Advertisers, Media Bad for Body Image [Electronic version]. Daily Herald. Retrieved December 11, 2006, from http://www. heraldextra. com/content/view/200427/4/ Onderoglu, E. (2005). Womens Representation in Media Discussed. Electronic Journal of BIA News Center. Retrieved December 7, 2006, from http://www. bianet. org/2005/11/01_eng/news70450. htm#top Reuter, J. (1993, January). Media and Values. Mediawatch, January, 27. Steele, T. (2005). Sex, Self, and Society: The Context of Sexuality. USA: Thomson Learning.

College Scholarships Essay Sample: Things You Should Know

College Scholarships Essay Sample: Things You Should KnowThe college scholarships essay samples that you can find online will not only help you win the scholarship of your dreams, but they will also make the process a whole lot easier for you. The majority of college students struggle to write successful essays and sometimes do not even try because they fear they will not be able to turn in the writing.But the truth is that there are many instances where you have to spend time on the subject of your essay. Yes, even if it's a private one. Writing an essay is something that needs to be done - even if it's a private one - as you need to show to the admissions committee of your school that you have what it takes to achieve at the college level.Writing an essay is not an easy task - so why do you think the companies that sell these essays think that you can use their samples? Well, the truth is that the types of essays that most college students are required to write are extremely seriou s, competitive, and controversial topics. And it is for this reason that you can come across some very specific forms of the samples that are marketed online.You see, the essay samples that are available online are very specific and include specific information about how to write a persuasive essay. You will find that the writers that you work with are very experienced. The writing samples will even offer specific tips on how to deal with your parents when you are preparing to go to college.What you will be doing when you have completed your scholarship application essay is receiving a pile of letters of intent. The college scholarships essay sample that you have will tell you that you need to get these letters of intent in order to keep the scholarships moving along. This is exactly what will help you win the scholarship you are pursuing.The scholarship application essay samples that you find online will include all of the different things that you need to know. For example, there are very specific instructions on how to properly submit your letter of intent and why it is necessary for you to have a personal statement and a curriculum vitae. It is absolutely critical that you keep all of this information right next to you when you are writing your essay.Another tip that you will find when you take a look at the scholarship application essay samples that you have is that you will want to include your high school or college GPA. That is a necessity. Most colleges that are looking for applicants are not going to be looking at your GPA or your SAT scores, but your SAT or ACT scores.You will find that using the best writing materials and the best writing tips that you can use to compose your scholarship application essay is a necessity. The best thing you can do for yourself is to check out all of the tips that are available online and make sure that you are thoroughly prepared to win the scholarship that you want.

WTO Serving the Wealthy, Not the Poor

Bello’s article offers an assertive critique on the functioning of the WTO. The article is an important document which offers valuable insights on the nature of global markets. Bello argues that the WTO is only serving the interests of the wealthy countries and not the poor. In his arguments, Bello gives an assertive assault on the operations of the WTO, which are aimed at benefiting the wealthy countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on WTO: Serving the Wealthy, Not the Poor specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From an economic perspective, Bello’s arguments are a critique of the WTO. The article demonstrates the nature of exploitation the wealthy nations exert on the poor nations by adopting the WTO. The article is comprehensive in demonstrating the nature of global trade, which is facilitated by GATT-WTO in favor of developed nations particularly the US. In his critique, Bello demonstrates the manipu lation of trade tariffs by removing barriers of trade so as to create markets for developed nations’ products. The WTO and GATT are criticized for creating a liberal global market which is aimed at killing domestic industries in poor countries by encouraging imports at low or no tariffs. In light of this analysis, it is true arguing that the WTO serves the wealthy not the poor countries. From a personal perspective, Bello’s arguments are authentic. It is true that the WTO is serving the interests of rich countries at the expense of poor countries. The WTO among other trade institutions like GATT, IMF, and World Bank are instituted by the developed nations. It is logical to argue that the developed nations have made these institutions to protect their interests. The US brought agriculture to GATT-WTO in 1995 to ensure the developing nations rely on US food products. The expansion of WTO jurisdiction was motivated by US interests of eliminating trade barriers. This was n ot aimed at benefiting the poor nations but rather help the developed nations market their products. The overall policies and guidelines offered by the WTO are aimed at encouraging cross-border trade without restrictions. This is a strategic plan by the developed nations to exploit the poor nations due to their weak competitive power. The dispute-resolution mechanisms adopted by the WTO are maliciously aimed at exploiting the developing nations. The WTO operations are compromised by the interests of wealthy countries who seek to reduce and eliminate trade barriers. This subjects poor countries to undue competition, which leads to killing of domestic industries.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bello’s critique is appealing and authentic in addressing the issue of international trade. The critique is positive and acceptable based on the factual support offered by th e author. The involvement of US in WTO affairs by pressurizing the incorporation of agriculture in GATT-WTO, free cross-border trade, formidable dispute-resolution, and expansion of WTO jurisdiction are maliciously made to benefit the US and other developed nations. The WTO caused more harm than good to the poor nations. Poor nations are pressurized to eliminate import and export tariffs. This only benefits foreign trade and multinationals owned by the wealthy nations. The structural adjustment programs initiated by WTO, IMF and World Bank are exploitative to the poor nations. These initiatives by the WTO are aimed at liberalizing trade, which in turn benefits wealth nations who are more competitive. The developing nations have been manipulated to enter into WTO, whereby these poor nations have been committed to eliminating restrictions on import tariffs and a pledge of not raising other tariffs on imports. This essay on WTO: Serving the Wealthy, Not the Poor was written and submitted by user Duncan Mccall to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Drum vs Vitai Lampada

The Drum vs Vitai Lampada Free Online Research Papers ‘The Drum’ by John Scott and ‘Vitai Lampada’ by Henry Newbolt both focuses on the eve of battle, but differs greatly regarding their attitudes. The poems have greatly contrasting views of war. The Drum has a negative perception of war whereas Vitai Lampada portrays a very positive image of war. ‘The Drum’ was written in the Napoleonic war. John Scott is an anti war poet. He uses the first person to describe his angst towards war. He also uses a rhythm to imitate a drum’s beat. From the first few words of the poem, â€Å"I hate†, there is no ambiguity about Scott’s stance – it is clear that he is strongly opposed to the devastation of war. His hate is for the ‘drum’s discordant sound’, a symbol of war. As John Scott says he hates the drum he is showing his hatred of the war and slaughter that goes on. As this line is repeated in the second stanza, it emphasises the writers hatred of the war. John Scott’s beliefs are displayed within the poem because of the fact that John Scott is a Quaker. Vitae Lampada is a poem of strength and power. Henry Newbolt was a poet who championed the virtues of chivalry and sportsmanship combined in the service of the British Empire. Play up! Play up! And play the game! Words that have become famous through the years symbolised Newbolts view that war should be fought in the same spirit as school sports. He illustrates war through the use of the imagery of soldiers playing games. The author, Henry Newbolt, writes about war in this way, so that he can get his view of war across in a more defined manner. John Scott has got a negative perception of war because he was a wealthy Quaker who was opposed to violence and war whereas Henry Newbolt went to a public school where he was taught to rule and led the fight to defend the overseas possessions. Even though Henry Newbolt knew what was going to happen in the war, he thought it was worth it to fight and die for the country in the war. Research Papers on The Drum vs Vitai LampadaMind TravelThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsQuebec and CanadaBringing Democracy to AfricaHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeWhere Wild and West Meet

Dealing with culture change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dealing with culture change - Research Paper Example Defined as the scientific study of human behavior and processes under diverse cultures, (Adler and Gielen 4) Cross-cultural Psychology delves more on behavioral transformations of an individual when placed in a culturally foreign environment than on the cultural differences of nations. Some of the common types of cultural change effects on an individual are on the emotional state, beliefs and practices, personality, social behavior and relations, interpretation of everyday languages as well as relationship with family. New geographical surroundings, unfamiliar languages as well as strange customs and other intercultural contact and changes that may cause problems for an individual can collectively be called as culture shock. Culture shock may be traced to past negative events, minimal social support and differences in human values. (Furnham, Bochner 177) Negative life-events include inability to cope with new environment due to previous physical illness and psychological ailment. Negative events also include abrupt changes in environment and situations, traumatic occurrences such as extremely embarrassing experiences. (Furnham, Bochner 178) Physical and mental illness that weaken the coping mechanism of an individual include tuberculosis, depression, skin diseases, cancer and heart diseases (Furnham, Bochner 178) since these ailments tend to bring patients depression and stigma. Some examples would be a former tuberculosis patient, a person suffering from a heart disease and a person with marks due to a previous skin disease. For a person who has been cleared of tuberculosis, the individual would always be on guard in allowing people to know of this previous medical record thus would lead to a limited s ocial interaction for the former tuberculosis patient. An individual who has a heart disease, given the condition of his health, would most of the time be irritable and sometimes undergoes self-pity for his condition. Irritability brought

The Effects of Falling American Popularity on US Business Abroad Essay

The Effects of Falling American Popularity on US Business Abroad - Essay Example intentions in all spheres. Finally, individual consumers will be more likely to substitute products and to protest U.S. businesses in a variety of ways. As a preliminary matter, both countries and groups of countries will be more likely to inhibit business practices. Muslim countries, such as Indonesia and Malaysia, may perceive American unpopularity to anti-Muslim policies. Unable to deal with the American government directly, they very well may seek influence by barring certain types of businesses and operations in their own countries. This may manifest itself, for example, in terms of foreign shareholding requirements or excluded enterprises. In addition, trade policies may be changed to restrict imports and exports. This may be done, as well, by larger organizations such as ASEAN. The effects would be to punish U.S. business for American unpopularity. In countries with strategic business resources, whether raw materials or cheap labor, the effects could be severe. In addition, international organizations might become more suspicious of the intentions of U.S. businesses. Claims regarding the sources of manufactured goods, the provision of hidden subsidies, and the compliance with local and international laws might be subjected to much higher standards of proof. U.S. businesses.

War on Terror Essay Example for Free

War on Terror Essay The current war on terrorism raises a unique, formative innovation of American principles. It has now integrated the world of civilized countries united together in a massive ideological, as well as military, war to battle the common enemy of terrorism. In fact, this position with such a global coalition is what might be expected from America, a country that specializes in cultural pluralism. The disaster of 9/11 awakened the slumbering, decadence of a country taking itself for granted, unprotected, and living in Disneyland. There were warnings of terrorists’ threats in 1997 and 1998 (from China, Israel, and others). At that time, the U. S. government was too active developing a case against President Bill Clinton to pay attention to what was going on in the world beyond Washington, D. C. Had the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Central Intelligence Agency, and Congress been as possessed with detecting terrorism and threats to the United States (connecting the dots) as they were with connecting Clinton to Monica Lewinsky (they could connect one dot on a dress to the president), we all might feel safer today. As the rest of the world has struggled with home-front terrorism (e. g. , England, France, the Middle East, Russia, and Japan), America has been egoistic in its own vast materialistic bubble oblivious to outer threats of terror. We have purely assumed somebody else will take care of the rest of the world terrorism as we are safely secluded on either side by two gigantic bodies of water. Yet, these thousands of miles of ocean are suitably called ponds as they can be traversed by sophisticated commercial jets in a matter of hours. Though, some analysts differentiate between political terrorists with an identifiable goal and millenarian terrorists who are said to â€Å"have no political agenda and owe their allegiance †¦ to a higher authority in heaven† (New York Times for July 23 and 24, 2002). The Palestine Liberation Organization is said to be an instance of the former and Al-Qaeda of the latter. The effectiveness of this distinction is open to question, however. Who can confidently be said to be a â€Å"millenarian terrorist†? A reading of Al-Qaedas manifestos illustrates that it harbors goals short of a global Caliphate. At the same time, â€Å"political terrorists† are not inevitably candidates for negotiations. That a group has a restricted political goal does not mean that negotiation can be prolific. The PLOs repeated rejection of opportunities for agreement on the concern of a Palestinian state may mean, as conceivably a majority of Israelis now believe, that anything short of a state â€Å"from the river to the sea† will be deplorable to it. If so, negotiations would not be fruitful or even worth pursuing. And it does not matter if Al-Qaeda would be satisfied with just the barring of United States forces from the Middle East—a limited, identifiable goal—if Americans find that improper. In short, if peace agreements must always be reached with ones enemy, it must matter less who that enemy is than what he is willing to trade. The war on terrorism possesses features that influence Washington to operate in direct conflict of accepted norms of international law, and to ignore the deficiencies and the crimes of its cobelligerents. As portrayed by Washington, the new war is a messianic, apocalyptic struggle of irreproachable good against consummate evil. Its inspiration is not the real world with its shades of gray (and certainly, pertinent histories and grievances), but the type of struggles that used to play out in the cowboy movies. Little mention is made of the fact that the major enemy is religious, actually intensely so at times to the point of intolerance, racism, and terror, and not atheist as the previous enemy was. There is no need to try to recognize that this new enemy regards Israel as a state that practices state terrorism and that by supplying military and economic aid, Washington is an accomplice. Or to try to understand that this enemy supposes that Washington should cut off this aid and declare war on state terrorists as well as private ones. Those on â€Å"our side† are seen as being good, or at least considerably better than the enemy (John Gray, 2002). It is a war of no negotiations with the enemy, no summit meetings, no compromise, and surely no need to modify policies to accommodate the feelings and the strategies of the enemy, or examine any just grievances that the enemy might probably have. The enemys soldiers will not be given prisoner of war status and will be tried in special military courts. Similar to the enemies of the Cold War, the enemy in the new war is depicted as sinister, cunning and underhanded. This time—and it is no inconsequential difference—the enemy in fact struck mainland America on September 11 and before, and is expected to strike again. The fear is that the enemy will grow and use weapons of mass destruction against us—nuclear weapons, or more probable, radiological dispersion devices, also called â€Å"dirty bombs† (conformist bombs to which radioactive material has been added). This war too, Washington advises us openly and in advance, is a war of global proportions. It is an open-ended war with the world as its battleground. The enemy assumes two general forms. One part is visible, above ground, represented by evil governments and reminiscent of the old Soviet bloc. So far only four of the enemy governments in the new war have been recognized—the former governments in Afghanistan and Iraq, and two remain â€Å"axis of evil† governments in Iran and North Korea. The other enemy component is invisible, consisting, we are told, of cells in some 50 or 60 typically unnamed countries. These are not the cells of the communist party, but the underground organizations of what Washington chooses to call â€Å"terrorists†. Whatever its form, whether bearing the legality of government or existing underground, the enemy must be destroyed. To do this, we should sometimes act alone, unilaterally. Other times we can act with our allies (Michael Scott Doran, 2001). A Homeland Security agency was set up to fight terrorism at home, with a political friend of the president acting as its head and numerous agencies put under its jurisdiction. There is evidence that homeland security—whose reason is truly defensive rather than offensive—is under funded. For instance, port security has received only one-tenth the amount that the Coast Guard says is desired (New York Times, June 17, 2003, p. 27). I believe, a major weakness in home security is the distressed financial position of state and local governments. Impoverished by a slothful economy and the drying up of federal grants, they have been forced to lessen expenditures not only for education and welfare, but also for police and fire departments. The latter are the first line of defense against terrorism on mainland America, and their risky financial position is related to the federal tax cuts, preferred items in the domestic agenda of the Bush administration which favors tax breaks for the rich as a way of motivating the economy. In his first State of the Union Address, President Bush said â€Å"I will not wait on events, as danger gathers† (New York Times, January 30, 2002, p. A1). Later, he directed his top security aids to originate a fundamentally new national security doctrine and strategy called â€Å"preemption† (New York Times, January 30, 2002, p. A1). The doctrine and the strategy were formed for use against those chosen as terrorist groups â€Å"of global reach† and such states as Iraq that were accused of aiding terrorists and attempting to build up nuclear weapons or other weapons of mass destruction. As explained by Condoleezza Rice, the National Security Adviser, preemption â€Å"means forestalling certain destructive acts against you by an adversary. † She added that there are times when you cannot wait to respond. What she evidently meant is that â€Å"you respond first, before your adversary strikes† (New York Times, January 30, 2002, p. A1). Put in more accurate English, you begin the violence, an act that traditionally has been called â€Å"aggression. † The war against terrorism thus consist of the preemptive strike, in which Washington â€Å"responds† before an adversary, or even a suspected antagonist, initiates an aggressive act. Ingenuously put, Washington seeks to express the notion that â€Å"the enemy† is so evil that aggression is an adequate strategy to be used against him. In the case of Iraq, the range of such strategies has run from attempts to assassinate Saddam Hussein to a full-scale incursion of Iraq. Preemption contrasts simply with the non-aggressive deterrence principle that served both Washington and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Preemption contrasts basically with the non-aggressive deterrence principle that served both Washington and the Soviet Union throughout the Cold War. Deterrence sought to avert an attack by an aggressor, particularly a nuclear attack, by threatening to retaliate. Washington built a mighty nuclear and conformist arsenal with the declared purpose of deterring the Soviets from striking the first blow. The arsenal was planned to be of such dimensions that a Soviet attack would not obliterate it and that Washington could retaliate with crushing nuclear force. The Soviets built what they judged to be a similar arsenal. The George W. Bush administration also abandoned non-proliferation as the way of averting the spread of nuclear weapons, i. e. of preventing their spread by peaceful means only. It has reserved for itself the right to attack those nations that it blames of seeking to develop nuclear weapons or other weapons of mass obliteration. Washington did engage in preventative attacks during the Cold War, two examples being Panama and the Dominican Republic. The disparity in the George W. Bush era is that aggression is now Washingtons announced overt policy. In both eras Washington sustained rightwing dictators who committed state terrorism. Popular support for military action in reaction to terrorism predates 9/11 but, contrary to common non-American perceptions of a belligerent, isolationist and nationalistic nation, mass responses sustained a multilateral approach to terrorism, international engagement, a stronger United Nations (UN) role and building goodwill towards America through humanitarian and development aid. The public also rejected the idea of a basic clash of cultures between Islam and the West. In short, US opinion was considerably closer to that of Europeans than much media coverage on both sides of the Atlantic suggested. Ninety-five percent of Americans, for instance, agreed that it was important for the war on terrorism to be seen by the world as an effort of numerous countries working together, not just a US effort. A Harris poll conducted over 19–24 September found 79 percent saying it was very and 16 percent somewhat important to build a strong international combination of many countries to support us. Eighty-eight percent agreed it was very or somewhat significant to get the support of as many Arab and Islamic countries as possible. Whilst 50 percent said military action must occur regardless, 45 percent held that America should take military action against terrorist organizations in other countries only if the UN Security Council authorizes it. (William Schneider, 2002) Almost all Americans favored dealing with terrorism through multilateral action. The majority preferred including other nations forces in the Afghan war regardless of America being constrained by having to make joint decisions. A strong majority supported using international legal bodies for terrorist trials with a plurality favoring trying bin Laden before an International Criminal Tribunal rather than a New York federal court. The public also showed at least as much support for non-military as military instruments (liquidating terrorist funds, enhancing intelligence, strengthening international law and building goodwill), holding non-military means to be more effective in preventing future terrorism. The majority Americans nonetheless agreed that failure to respond militarily to 9/11 would increase the viewpoint of future terrorist attacks (Michael Scott Doran, 2001). In legitimating Bush and easing – though not assuring – passage of his legislative agenda and judicial appointments for the 108th Congress (2003–4), the results however reflected and reinforced both the priority and preferences of the administration on foreign policy. The common UN Security Council vote in favor of a new resolution on Iraq passed on 8 November, subsequent the prior months terrorist attacks on Bali and Moscow, augmented not only the administrations warnings on the significance, scale and multifaceted nature of the threat of international terror but as well reinforced the Bush administrations faith in anticipatory actions against state as well as non-state actors – through coalitions if probable but unilaterally if necessary. Ironically, almost thirty years after Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. had destined the development of an imperial presidency under Johnson and Nixon, both the enhanced legal right of the president and the vast reach of American power abroad suggested that it had came out in an particularly potent form by 2003–4. Implicit in many European responses to 9/11 was the idea that if Americans would only learn more of the Middle East, Islam and global politics, US foreign policy would change in ways congenial to Europeans and others (the debate here is ultimately less one about extreme or insufficient internationalism but more whether US policies are the ones others favor – a unilateralist America devoted to enforcing stronger environmental safeguards than Kyoto and dispensing foreign aid to Baghdad and Pyonyang would doubtless win plaudits in Brussels and Berlin). But there is as much reason to deduce the opposite. 9/11 strongly reconfirmed the Bush teams approach: military strength as an essential but insufficient condition of assuring the national security of a unique nation, political system and people. Simply when clear and present dangers from state and non-state actors alike appear determinedly more muddied and distant is Americas taking part in global affairs likely to be shaped by anything other than the primacy of its own security. For the USA, after saving Europe twice and productively leading a worldwide anti-communist struggle, another global war is well in progress. References: Jennifer S. Holmes, Terrorism and Democratic Stability (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2001). New York Times for July 23 and 24, 2002 Michael Scott Doran, Somebody Elses Civil War: Ideology, Rage and the Assault on America, in James F. Hoge Jr. and Gideon Rose (eds. ), How Did This Happen? Terrorism and the New War (Oxford: Public Affairs Ltd, 2001), pp. 31–52. Michael Scott Doran, Somebody Elses Civil War: Ideology, Rage and the Assault on America, in James F. Hoge Jr. and Gideon Rose (eds. ), How Did This Happen? Terrorism and the New War (Oxford: Public Affairs Ltd, 2001), pp. 31–52. William Schneider, Long on Character, Short on Details, National Journal, 2 Feb. 2002, p. 350. New York Times, January 30, 2002, p. A1 New York Times, July 22, 2002, p. A1 New York Times, June 17, 2003, p. 27 John Gray, Why Terrorism is Unbeatable, New Statesman, 25 Feb. 2002, pp. 50–3.